Manajemen Konflik dalam Kepemimpinan Pelayanan Rasul Paulus di Jemaat Kreta: Analisis Teologis dan Implikasi Praktis bagi Kepemimpinan Gereja

Abstract

This study is motivated by the complexity of conflicts within the Cretan church, which were influenced by cultural pressures, doctrinal deviations, and weak leadership structures as reflected in the Epistle to Titus. The purpose of this study is to analyze and formulate a conflict management model based on the leadership of Apostle Paul that is relevant to contemporary church contexts. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method and theological hermeneutic analysis of biblical texts and relevant scholarly literature. The findings reveal that Paul applied an integrative conflict management approach through five main strategies: strengthening leadership structure (preventive), doctrinal clarification (cognitive), assertive confrontation, pastoral approach (transformational), and organizational discipline (control). The novelty of this study lies in the development of a conceptual conflict management model based on apostolic leadership that integrates theological perspectives with modern management theory into a holistic framework. This model not only resolves conflicts but also builds conflict resilience within church organizations. In conclusion, effective conflict management in church leadership requires a balance between normative firmness, doctrinal clarity, pastoral guidance, and consistent disciplinary systems to achieve organizational stability, doctrinal integrity, and sustainable congregational transformation